The FLMOP Framework
The goal is to provide the Means of Participation (MoP) before the Task/Question.
Front-Load (The "Signal")
Before you reveal the question, you tell the pupils exactly how they will be expected to participate. This settles their "behavioural" brain so their "cognitive" brain can focus on the content.
Example: "In a moment, I am going to ask you about the causes of the Cold War. You will have 30 seconds of Silent Solo thinking time, and then I will use Cold Call."
Means of Participation (The "How")
You explicitly name the mechanism. This eliminates the "grey area" where pupils aren't sure if they should put their hand up, shout out, or talk to a neighbour.
Common MoPs:
- Cold Call: "I will pick a name from the jar."
- Mini-Whiteboards: "Write your answer, then wait for the 'Show Me' signal."
- Turn and Talk: "Turn to your partner and decide on one answer."
- Hands Down: "I want to see no hands; I'm going to choose someone myself."
- Reduces Anxiety: Pupils know exactly what is coming, which is particularly helpful for those who struggle with "on the spot" pressure.
- Eliminates "Opt-Out": By front-loading a Cold Call or a Whiteboard check, you signal that everyone is accountable for the answer before they even hear the question.
- Maintains Pace: It stops the "hands-up" culture where the same three pupils dominate the lesson, allowing you to sample the understanding of the whole room.
Standard Way: "What is the capital of France?... (shouting starts)... please put your hands up, guys!"
FLMOP Way: "In a moment, I'll ask for the capital of France. Front-load: No hands up, please. MoP: I'm going to wait 5 seconds and then Cold Call. [Pause] What is the capital of France?"